| ISO14000 series are divided into two genera: organization (system) criterion and manufacture criterion. ISO14020 criterion series is one of the series that instructs operation of environmental labeling in every country, which is to promote the organization to practice environmental management criterion and benefit producing and selling products and services with less environmental impacts. The entire ISO14020 series criterion has the same title: Environmental Labeling and declaration. Labeling is a mark stamped on the products or packages; Declaration is a literal instruction or advertisement about the products in any mass media. The title shows that the criterion may refer to any different forms about products' environmental qualities, no matter in the form of environmental labeling or in literal form.
Type I Environmental Labeling is to set the criterion on the preselected product types, assesses the products, finally decides whether to confer environmental label to the products in terms of assessment results. The operation process of Type I is operated by authorized institution for environmental labeling. Moreover, another institution should certificate the conditions and censor the environmental performance of the products.
Type II and Type III Environmental Labeling Plans involve declarations on environmental performance of a product made by manufacture or importer. In the two declarations some of which need to be judged and censored, while they may not be supervised by another agency. Nevertheless, if the scientific data are related to consumers, they should have another agency to assure the reliability of data. ISO14020 owns another sub-title: Fundamental Principle, which means that this criterion can refer to three types of environment labeling and some new assessment systems that are possibly concerned. From this aspect, ISO 14020 is a guideline criterion. Type I, II and III environmental labeling have been taken into account in the view of future development of an environmental labeling declaration and criterion and makes some rules and regulation. ISO14021, ISO14024, ISO/TR14025 regulated the specific principles and processes of Type I, II, III Environmental Labeling Plans.
Type I: Environmental Labeling (ISO14024, 1999) is based on criterion of products' life-cycle assessment system, formulated by another institution. It is a labeling on the basis of multi-rules, and which may be authorized by a government organization or a nongovernmental and non-profit organization.
Type II: Environmental Self-declaration (ISO14021, 1999) is based on selfdeclaration of manufacturers and retailers'. It has many examples, such as: an X% product is manufactured by recycle material.
Type III: Environmental Product Declaration (ISO/TR14025, 2000), based on impact of life cycle, a series of parameters are utilized to quantify the product information. Such impacts have been listed in table so as to make a comparison between products.
Besides, presently there is a kind of organic food. Although it does not belong to any of the abovementioned types, ISO14020 partly contains some contents according to the general guideline of the environmental declaration.
Each label and declaration mentioned above aims to encourage people to consume and output those products, which are of less environmental pollution. Meanwhile, it helps enduringly improve the environment under the market drive, and richly exert its potential (ISO14020, 1998). According to a series of ISO14020 standard, every form of environmental labels and certifications has its special market. Type I – environmental labeling and Type II, of which the companies publish their product environmental declaration, contra posing to some retail customers, While Type III environmental product declaration aims at the industrial manufacturers, as well as the retailers. In addition, the integration of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is the special property of Type III, and a major difference from the other two types.
With the tendency that environmental labeling has been recognized internationally, the environmental labeling organizations from more than 20 countries, such as the US, Canada and Germany, have united to set up Global Environmental Net (GEN), while those from 6 countries, like Sweden, Canada and Denmark, have set up the Global Environmental Declaration (GED) Net. In order to facilitate the development of foreign trade, China Environmental Labeling intensifies the exchange and cooperation with GEN and GED to explore the way to international recognition; on the other hand it really searches for the development of Type II and III, so as to approach the international standard.
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